would 的三大理解场景
原始问题
His small daughter thought that Santa Claus would come in August.
这里的 would 是一种可能性的表达吗?would 是不是一直都当成 will 的过去式来理解?
核心理解
这句里的 would 主要不是“可能性”,而是:
will 的过去形式
更准确地说,它表示:
过去某个时间点所认为的“将来”
原句:
His small daughter thought that Santa Claus would come in August.
可以理解成:
他的小女儿以为圣诞老人会在八月来。
如果把女儿当时心里的想法直接说出来,可能是:
Santa Claus will come in August.
圣诞老人会在八月来。
但现在是在讲过去:
She thought that Santa Claus would come in August.
她当时以为圣诞老人会在八月来。
所以这里是:
She thinks Santa Claus will come.
她现在认为圣诞老人会来。
She thought Santa Claus would come.
她当时认为圣诞老人会来。
可以先记成:
will = 现在看将来
would = 过去看将来
真正让这件事听起来“不一定是真的”的,不是 would 本身,而是前面的:
thought that...
以为 / 认为……
因为这是小女儿的想法,不一定符合事实。
但不建议一直把 would 都机械理解成 will 的过去式。
更准确的理解是:
would 的历史来源 = will 的过去式
但现代英语里,would 已经发展出很多固定用法
可以先按三大场景理解 would:
would
├── 过去相关
│ ├── 过去看未来:thought ... would ...
│ └── 过去常常:would play / would go
│
├── 假设相关
│ └── if ... would ...
│
└── 礼貌委婉
└── would like / would you ...
第一类:和过去有关。
一种是过去看未来:
She thought Santa Claus would come in August.
她当时以为圣诞老人会在八月来。
另一种是过去常常:
When I was young, I would play outside every day.
我小时候常常每天在外面玩。
这里的 would 接近:
used to
过去常常
第二类:和假设有关。
If I had more money, I would buy a new computer.
如果我有更多钱,我会买一台新电脑。
这里不是在说真实发生了,而是在说:
在某个假设条件下,会发生什么
第三类:礼貌 / 委婉。
I would like a cup of coffee.
我想要一杯咖啡。
它比:
I want a cup of coffee.
我要一杯咖啡。
更柔和。
Would you help me?
你可以帮我一下吗?
也比:
Will you help me?
你会帮我吗?
听起来更委婉、更礼貌。
例句
His small daughter thought that Santa Claus would come in August.
他的小女儿以为圣诞老人会在八月来。
She thinks Santa Claus will come.
她现在认为圣诞老人会来。
She thought Santa Claus would come.
她当时认为圣诞老人会来。
I would like a cup of coffee.
我想要一杯咖啡。
If I had more time, I would learn French.
如果我有更多时间,我会学法语。
When I was a child, I would play outside every day.
我小时候常常每天在外面玩。
我的备注
would 可以从“will 的过去式”入门,但不能永远只停留在这个理解上。
以后看到 would,先问:
这里是在讲过去的将来?
还是在表达过去习惯?
还是在表达假设?
还是在表达礼貌?
一句话总结:
would 的底层感觉是:不直接把事情说成现实,而是拉开一点距离。
这个“距离”可以是:
时间距离:过去
现实距离:假设
语气距离:礼貌委婉